Oro-facial Manifestations, Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Transfusion Dependent Children With β-thalassemia Major: A Cross-sectional Study

@#Introduction: β-Thalassemia is genetic disorder which clinically presents as anaemia due to decreased production of beta-chains of haemoglobin molecule. Literature on oro-facial manifestations, oral health status is sparse and inconclusive in the β-thalassemia major patients (TM). Methods: This cross-sectional study was done to assess oro-facial manifestations of β-Thalassemia. 31 TM patients in the age group of 6-18 years were clinically examined and oro-facial manifestations were recorded. Oral health status including oral hygiene status, dental caries, gingival status of these TM children was compared with 42 healthy children. The mean values were compared using Student’s t-test. Treatment needs of both the groups were recorded using WHO oral health assessment form. Results: Lip incompetence (38.75%) and maxillary protrusion (19.35%) were most common oro-facial manifestations of Thalassemia major. Mean OHI-S score for TM and healthy children were comparable 1.73 ± 1.10 and 1.36 ±1.17 respectively (p=.178) but mean GI score for TM was higher than healthy children, 1.42±.39 and .94±.51 respectively (p<.05). Mean DMFT scores for TM and healthy children were 1.5±1.8 and 1.2±2.1 respectively (p=.578). Treatment needs was relatively higher among TM children with 58% of these children requiring one surface filling. Conclusion: Lip incompetence followed by maxillary protrusion were most common oro-facial manifestations of Thalassemia major. There is no significant association between oral hygiene and dental caries with Thalassemia major. However, thalassemia major is associated with gingivitis. Treatment requirement was relatively higher among TM children with one surface filling being the commonest need.

Effect of education intervention on oral health in 40 pre-pregnancy women / 上海预防医学

Objective:To investigate the effect of intervention on oral health of pre-pregnancy women before and after oral health education. Methods:A total of 40 pre-pregnancy women were selected from the Reproductive Medicine Center of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University according to the inclusion criteria， general conditions， clinical evaluation of plaque and oral health education. Their oral health conditions were evaluated before and after oral health intervention. Results:Based on the oral health status survey， there were significant differences between before and after intervention （all P<0.001） in the following five items： “bleeding from brushing teeth”， “difficulty biting or chewing food”， “sensitivity of teeth or gums to cold， hot， or sweet stimuli”， "restriction of the type and amount of food eaten for dental reasons” and “medication for oral pain or discomfort”. There were significant differences between before and after intervention （all P<0.001） in four items of oral health care behavior including “How often do you brush your teeth？”， “How do you brush your teeth？”， “gargle after meals”， and “floss use or not” but showed no significant difference in toothbrush replacement （P=0.467）. There were significant differences （all P<0.001） in five items of oral health knowledge including “periodontal disease can lead to premature delivery of newborns”， “periodontal disease can lead to low birth weight of newborns”， “need oral examination before pregnancy”， “pregnancy prone to oral diseases”， “mid-pregnancy is the best period for the treatment of oral diseases”. The oral plaque index before intervention was 5.47±1.08 and reduced to 4.37±0.94 after intervention （t=7.93， P=0.001）. Conclusion:Through education intervention， the oral health status of pre-pregnancy women can be improved. The knowledge of oral health can be improved and the level of oral health care can be enhanced. Oral health intervention can effectively reduce the level of plaque in pre-pregnancy women and improve the efficiency of plaque clearance.

The impact of obesity on periodontal health status in adolescent iraqi students / O impacto da obesidade na saúde periodontal de estudantes adolescentes iraquianos

Objetive: The aim of this study was to estimate the effect and association of obesity on the periodontal health status of middle school students. Materials and Methods: This study included 180 secondary school students aged 12-15 years from Baghdad City in the survey. BMI-for-age (body mass index for age) was utilized to detect overweight and obesity. Furthermore, periodontal screening records (PSR) index was performed to evaluate the oral hygiene and periodontal condition of the subjects. Chi-square tests and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. Results: A highly significant association of BMI-for-age with periodontal health (codes 0, 1, 2, and 3) was observed. The association of gender and periodontal health was highly significant in code 3, significant in codes 0 and 1, and it was not significant in code 2. Additionally, the ANOVA test revealed that the effects of gender and BMI-for-age on periodontal health were significant. In contrast, the effect of the interaction between gender and BMI-for-age on periodontal health was not it was not significant. Conclusions: In adolescents, bad oral hygiene was correlated with extra body fat indicators. Therefore, oral health preventive schedules should take into consideration the relationship between periodontal condition and overweight/obesity in teenagers. (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito e a associação da obesidade no estado de saúde periodontal de estudantes do ensino médio. Materiais e Métodos: Este estudo incluiu 180 alunos do ensino médio com idades entre 12-15 anos da cidade de Bagdá. O IMC (índice de massa corporal) foi utilizado para detectar sobrepeso e obesidade. Além disso, o índice de registro periodontal simplificado (RPS) foi realizado para avaliar a higiene oral e a condição periodontal dos indivíduos. Testes de qui-quadrado e ANOVA de dois fatores foram usados para análises estatísticas. Resultados: Foi observada uma relação altamente significante do IMC com a saúde periodontal (códigos 0, 1, 2 e 3). A relação de gênero e saúde periodontal foi altamente significante no código 3, significante nos códigos 0 e 1 e não significante no código 2. Além disso, o teste ANOVA revelou que a correlação do sexo e do IMC na saúde periodontal foram significantes. Em contraste, o efeito da interação entre gênero e IMC na saúde periodontal foi não significante. Conclusões: Em adolescentes, a má higiene bucal foi correlacionada com indicadores de gordura corporal extra. Portanto, as programações preventivas de saúde bucal devem levar em consideração a relação entre a condição periodontal e o sobrepeso / obesidade em adolescentes. (AU)

Oral Health Status of Children with Thalassaemia in Melaka: A Pilot Study

ABSTRACT@#Thalassemia is an inherited disorder that involves abnormal haemoglobin formation. This cross-sectional study with universal sampling was conducted from May 2018 to January 2019 to evaluate the oral health status of children with thalassaemia. The sample consisted of 54 transfusion-dependent patients between the ages of 3–17 years old, who were registered at the paediatric day-care centre of Hospital Melaka. Oral health status was evaluated which included soft tissue examination, recording of dental caries, malocclusion and oral hygiene status of the children, while their parents answered a pre-validated self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic and oral health practices and attitudes. The mean deft (decayed, exfoliated and filled teeth) among the 3–5 years old was 6.71±6.07. The mean DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) was 3.00±3.94 among the 13–17 years old and 1.12±1.42 among the 6–12 years old. Most of the 3–5 years old children exhibited good oral hygiene (71.4%). Dentofacial findings among the 3–5 years old were increased overjet (35.7%) and open bite (28.6%) predominantly. Fractured teeth (69.2%), increased overjet (46.2%) and discolouration (23.1%) were the common dentofacial findings among the 6–12 years old while increased overjet (71.4%), soft tissue lesions (57.1%) and posterior crossbite (28.6%) were seen among the 13–17 years old. In this cohort of children with thalassaemia, the prevalence of dental caries was high in preschool children and older children.

Oral health status and knowledge among 10-15years old type 1 diabetes mellitus children and adolescents in Bengaluru

Context: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic systemic metabolic disease. This disorder affects mainly children and adolescents. The main complications of diabetes mellitus affect the organs and tissues rich in capillary vessels such as kidney, retina, and nerves. These complications are secondary to the development of microangiopathy. Similar changes in small vessels can be found in the oral tissues. There is a significant increase in gingival inflammation and plaque seen in children with T1DM. Aims: The aim of this study is to assess the oral health status and knowledge among T1DM children and young adolescents aged 10–15 years in Bengaluru. Subjects and Methods: One hundred and seventy-five 10–15 year-old children with T1DM and 175 age, sex, and socioeconomic status matched nondiabetic controls were included in the study. Oral health status was assessed using community periodontal Index and decayed/decayed-missing/missing-filled/filled teeth index (DMFT/dmft). Oral health knowledge was assessed using 11 item questionnaire. Chi-square test and Student's t-test were used in the statistical analysis. Results: With regard to periodontal status, subjects with healthy periodontal tissue were less in diabetic than control group. Patients with bleeding and calculus were more in diabetic group than control group. The difference between diabetic group and control group was statistically significant (P = 0.001).The mean number of DMFT/dmft were less in diabetics (0.07 ± 0.006)/(0.26 ± 0.05) compared to control groups (0.1 ± 0.01)/(0.84 ± 0.2), respectively. Overall, oral health knowledge was more among diabetic patients (8.3 ± 1.7) compared to controls (7.5 ± 1.8). Conclusions: The results of the present study showed more gingival changes and higher oral health knowledge in diabetic group when compared to control group.

Dental caries and fluorosis among children in Lebanon

The purpose of this study is to assess caries and enamel fluorosis in a sample of 1433 children aged 6–8, 12, and 15 years from 48 schools in 6 regions of Lebanon, selected by probability proportional to size. Methods: Children were examined according to the World Health Organization criteria. Results: Our results showed a mean of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) of 0.6 (dft of 5.15), 3.42, and 5.44 corresponding respectively to the groups of 6–8-, 12-, and 15-year-old children. In the same groups, the percentage of DMFT = 0 for the 6–8-year-old category was 74%, the 12-year-old category was 20.9%, and for the 15-year-old category was 9.7%; Ten (2.1%) 12 year olds had moderate and one (0.2%) severe scores; these children had been born in other countries. Conclusions: Survey results confirm the need to implement nationwide dental caries prevention measures. Since water fluoridation is not feasible, salt fluoridation would be the alternative.

Oral Health Status of Institutionalized Leprosy Patients in Kerala

This study has been undertaken to evaluate the oral health status of treated institutionalised leprosy patients in Kerala. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in 750 institutionalized treated leprosy patients residing in 6 different leprosy care centres (three government sanatoria and three non governmental leprosy institutions) in Kerala. Treated leprosy afflicted persons (LAPs) who provided consent to participate in the study were included. The oral health status was assessed by clinical examination and findings were recorded using WHO Oral Health Assessment Form (1997). Among 750 leprosy patients examined, 393 were males and 357 were females. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was 57 (7.6%). Oral Candidiasis 18 (2.4%) was the most prevalent oral mucosal lesion followed by palatal ulceration 12(1.6%). The proportion of persons having extra oral lesions was 531(70.8%). Temporo-mandibular-joint (TMJ) disorders were present in 352 (47%) subjects. Periodontal status of the subjects were poor, 570 (76.8%) subjects were having calculus or pockets. Majority of the subjects 411(54.8%) had periodontal pocket of 4mm or more. 581 (76.8%) subjects had attachment loss. These subjects had a prevalence of 459 (61.2%) for dental caries. The treatment needs of the population were high, i.e. 73.6% needed filling, 70.4% required extraction, 92.6% required prostheses and 0.8% required crown. Dental caries, periodontal disease, oral mucosal lesions, and TMJ problems were prevalent in these institutionalized leprosy patients. After the comparison with National Oral Health data, it was observed that only the missing teeth and DMFT were higher in this institutionalized population of leprosy afflicted persons (LAPs), otherwise oral health conditions as such are not good in this age groups in general population as well as LAPs. The prosthetic needs of this community appear to be largely unmet, which requires timely intervention. Oral health problems of such leprosy afflicted persons, already treated for leprosy but living in institutions due to social reasons, can be minimised by appropriate interventions such as oral health education and oral health care programmes organized on a regular basis.

Oral health status in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To provide basic data for the prevention of oral diseases in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by investigating the oral health status.@*Methods@#Seventy-three children diagnosed with ALL and seventy-three healthy controls participated in the study. Oral examinations were carried out for both groups. The crown caries were analyzed by calculating the incidence of caries, mean caries and dental caries filling rate; the soft scale index (debris index, DI) and plaque index (plaque index, PLI) were used to record oral hygiene status; and the modified gingival index (modified gingival index, MGI) was used to record gingival health status. A questionnaire was given to the parents at the same time. The data were collected and analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software.@*Results@#① The average numbers of decayed teeth in the observation and control groups were 1.34 ± 171 and 1.15 ± 1.67, respectively. The caries prevalence were 52.05% and 41.10%, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The obturation rate of caries was 6.12% and 20.24%, and the difference between the two groups was significant (P = 0.001). ② The DI, PI and MGI of the observation group were higher than those in control group, and the differences were significant (P< 0.05). ③ There was a mean of 1.21 ± 1.70 caries in male children and 1.47 ± 1.75 in female children; there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The< 6 years old group had a mean of 1.65 ± 1.92 caries and that of the 6~14 group was 0.71 ± 0.95; the difference was significant (P< 0.05). The urban group and rural group had means of 0.87 ± 1.31 and 1.69 ± 1.91 caries, respectively, and the difference was significant (P< 0.05). Children who brushed their teeth and strictly controlled their sweets had significantly fewer mean caries than did those who did not brush their teeth and ate more sweets, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). ④ The DI, PLI and MGI were significantly different between different age groups and different places of residence (P< 0.05).@*Conclusion @# The oral health status of children with ALL was poorer than that of normal children; oral hygiene was not maintained. Thus, more attention must be paid to the prevention and control of caries and periodontal diseases among children with ALL.

Atención odontológica a damnificados del terremoto 16 de abril de 2016: impacto en la formación de estudiantes de odontología / Dental care to the victims of the earthquake on April 16, 2016: impact on the formation of dental students

Introducción: los estudiantes y profesores de la carrera de Odontología desarrollaron un proceso de atención a los albergados del terremoto del 16A en Manabí Ecuador. Objetivos: identificar las necesidades de atención odontológica, valorar el grado de consolidación de las competencias profesionales y fomentar valores en el marco de la actividad formativa de los estudiantes. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con los estudiantes y pacientes involucrados. Los estudiantes realizaron un diagnóstico de necesidades odontológicas y brindaron atención requerida. Se realizó una encuesta diseñada para valorar el grado de consolidación de las competencias profesionales de los estudiantes. Resultados: la población pediátrica representó el 43 por ciento, la adulta el 57 por ciento El COP-D en población adulta fue de 8,6, el ceo-d fue de 1,56, el índice de higiene oral simplificado fue 1,42. El 60 por ciento de los tratamientos en la población adulta fueron restauraciones, en edad pediátrica se realizaron 344 tratamientos. El 67 por ciento consideró muy útil la consolidación de sus competencias especialmente en el diagnóstico y en actividades de periodoncia. Conclusiones: los estudiantes brindaron atención odontológica a la población albergada después del terremoto e identificaron sus necesidades de salud, lo que permitió fortalecer áreas de competencias, valores de solidaridad, responsabilidad y humanismo(AU)

Introduction: The students and professors of the Dental Surgery major developed a process of attention to the victims of the April 16 earthquake in Manabí Ecuador. Objectives: To identify the needs of dental care, to assess the degree of consolidation of professional skills and to promote values ​​within the framework of the training activity of students. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with the students and patients involved. The students made a diagnosis of the dental needs and provided the required attention. A survey was conducted, as designed to assess the degree of consolidation of students' professional competences.Results: The pediatric population represented 43 percent and the adult population, 57 percent. The COP-D in the adult population was 8.6, the CEO-D was 1.56, the simplified oral hygiene index was 1.42. 60 percent of the treatments in the adult population were restorations, in pediatric age there were 344 treatments. 67 percent of the participants considered it very useful to consolidate their skills, especially in diagnosis and periodontal activities. Conclusions: The students provided dental care to the population sheltered after the earthquake and identified their health needs, which allowed to strengthen areas of competence, values ​​of solidarity, responsibility and humanism(AU)

Association of Psychological Health and Perceived Oral Health in Elderly Individuals: Focusing on Depression, Stress, and Suicidal Ideation / 치위생과학회지

The present study aimed to examine the influence of mental health factors on oral health factors using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A total of 1,548 elderly individuals aged over 65 years who completed the screening and health questionnaire were selected as the final study participants. The psychological health factors related to perceived oral health status were depression and stress when the gender was controlled, and in terms of gender, both elderly male and female individuals were stressed and depressed. These results suggested that the psychological health of elderly individuals negatively affects not only perceived oral health but also the quality of life. In addition, the psychological health of the elderly individuals should be systematically managed along with oral health care and overall health care and lifestyle. If a comprehensive health management system is available for low-income groups or an elderly person living alone, it should positively affect and improve the quality of life of elderly individuals.

Characterization of bacteria in betel quiz chewers and non- chewers and their associated oral health status

Aim: To evaluate oral health status, periodontal status, gingival status, oral lesions and bacterial characterization among betel quid chewers and non chewers. Material and Methods: The data was collected regarding socio-demographic characteristic, oral hygiene status, gingival status, periodontal status, bacterial characterization among betel quid chewers and non chewers. The microbiological examination was carried out to assess the micro flora. The statical analysis was done by using SPSS version 21(Chicago ,USA). The p value≤ 0.05 was found to be statistically significant. Results: Aerobic as well as anaerobic bacteria were more characterized among quid chewers as compared to non quid chewers. Significant co-relation was found between oral hygiene status and gingival status ,CPI and LOA, oral lesions and bacterial characterization among quid chewers characterization (r=0.391, 0.932, 572 respectively p-value=0.000, S) and among non quid chewers significant correlation was found between CPI and LOA scores (r=0.658 p-value=0.000, S). Conclusions: Chewing betel quid has been found in role of detoriation of oral hygiene gingival status periodontal status and also development of oral lesions.

Factors Related to the Unmet Dental Care Needs of Adults with Dental Pain / 치위생과학회지

The purpose of this study was to examine unmet dental care needs and related factors among adults in Korea. The study included a nationally representative sample of Koreans (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2104). The dependent variable was unmet dental care need and the independent variables were socioeconomic status and oral health status. The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the associations between explanatory variables and unmet dental care needs. The major causes of unmet dental care needs included economic burden, work life, and academic reasons; in addition, dental treatment was considered to have lower priority. The factors that had statistically significant relationships with unmet dental care needs were sex, age, self-rated oral health status, and difficulty in mastication. The findings of the study, suggest a need for lower dental insurance copayments in keeping with the policies and principles aimed at strengthening the national health insurance system. In addition, groups with limited access to dental services should be identified, and effective health care policies and services should be established for these individuals.

The relationship of quality of health-related life with the status of oral health in adults / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to use the components of the European Quality of Life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) scale to investigate the oral health status and health-related quality of life of adults in order to collect basic data on how to improve quality of life. METHODS: This study was conducted in 2014. Data from the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (sixth term; 2 years) were analyzed by utilizing the raw information from the disease management headquarters. The 2,805 subjects were 19 to 59-year-old adults who were not missing values of the main missing value of oral health status in variables and the EQ-5D. Statistical analysis was performed by frequency analysis and chi-squared (χ2) and t-tests. Analysis of variance was performed using multiple regression analysis. The significance level was determined to be 0.05. RESULTS: Dental pain and mobility (P<0.005), pain and discomfort (P<0.005), chewing problems and speaking discomfort, anxiety and depression (P<0.05), subjective oral health awareness, mobility (P<0.001), self-care (P<0.05), usual activities (P<0.05), pain and discomfort (P<0.005) were significantly related. In the effect on the components of the EQ-5D by logistic regression analysis, gender, age, education level, household income, chewing problems, and periodontal disease prevalence were significant variables in the quality of health-related life. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that oral health status significantly influenced the quality of life in adults. Through the recognition of the impact of oral health on health-related quality of life, we expect that the data from this study will help promote the development of oral health and oral health education programs for the maintenance and promotion of adult health.

Association of sleep time, stress, and depression with the oral health status of Korean adolescents / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the association between the stress or depression and oral health status of Korean adolescents. METHODS: The subjects were 1,180 participants of the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), aged 12 to 18 years. All the collected data were analyzed by using the chi-square test, t test, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis with the SAS version 9.3 software. Multiple regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship of stress or depression to oral health status, and 95% confidence intervals were computed. RESULTS: Cognitive stress and depression levels for >2 weeks correlated with permanent teeth caries index. In terms of cognitive status, oral health of "a little feeling" was poorer than that of "almost no feeling," with significant statistical difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides further evidence to support the establishment of a school oral health clinic for adolescents and hopefully provide guidance in the planning for oral health education.

Challenges To Oral Health Care For The Individuals With Special Health Care Needs.

Individuals with special health care needs are often neglected in providing dental services. This article reviews the oral health status and various challenges in utilization of dental health care services by faced the individuals with special health care needs.

Oral health status and oral health-related quality of life in pregnant women from socially deprived populations

El objetivo del trabajo fue establecer la situación de salud bucal y explorar su relación con la percepción de impacto enla calidad de vida en gestantes pertenecientes a poblaciones vulnerables de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. La muestra estuvo constituida por 80 gestantes (edad 18-39 años x=25,19±6,56) cursando el 1º/2º trimestre del embarazo que concurren a un centro de salud de la zona sur de CABA para sus controles obstétricos. Para evaluar el impacto de la condición bucal sobre la calidad de vida se administró el cuestionario OHIP-49 (Slade y Spencer, 1994) validado al español (López, 2006), que incluye 49 preguntas agrupadas en siete dominios. Cada pregunta admite respuesta dentro de 5 categorías. Se asignó un valor (1a 5) a cada respuesta. Para evaluar la situación de salud, 4 odontólogoscalibrados realizaron exámenes clínicos y registraron: Índice Gingival (Lõe y Silness, 1963); profundidad al sondaje,nivel de inserción clínica, sangrado al sondaje y CPOD con componentesdiscriminados. Las variables fueron analizadas en la población en su conjunto y por grupos según atención odontológica previa (presencia de obturaciones). Se utilizaron: la pruebade Chi cuadrado (c2) para establecer asociaciones entre variables y el test t de student para comparaciones. El 93,75 por ciento de las pacientespresentaron signos clínicos de gingivitis, 2,5 opr ciento presentaron signos clínicos con periodontitis. La media del CPOD fue de 12,24±6,48 (C/CPOD=6,46±4,64; /CPOD=3,74±4,8; O/CPOD=2,07±2,98) 73,3 por ciento de las gestantes presentó al menos una pieza dentaria ausente; 92,1 por ciento presentó caries activas; 53,7 por ciento presentó al menos una pieza dentaria obturada. Los impactos citadoscon mayor frecuencia se registraron en los dominios malestar psicológico (59,9 por ciento=preocupación frecuente por problemas dentales) y limitación funcional (51,1 por ciento=percepción frecuente “que un diente no se veía bien”).

The aim of the present work was to explore whether there is a rela-tionship between oral health status and oral health-related qualityof life in pregnant women from socially deprived populationsin Buenos Aires City. Eighty pregnant women (age18-39x=25.19±6.56) in their 1st/2ndtrimester were sampled from thepopulation of women visiting a health center located in the southof Buenos Aires City for their pregnancy check-ups. The impact oforal disease was assessed using the Spanish validated version(López, 2006) of OHIP-49 (Slade and Spencer, 1994), whichincludes 49 items grouped into 7 domains. Each question has fivepossible answers, to which values ranging from 1 to 5 wereassigned. To assess oral health status, 4 calibrated researchersperformed a clinical examination and recorded: Gingival Index(Löe and Silness, 1963); depth on probing, clinical attachmentlevel, bleeding on probing and DMFT discriminating its compo-nents. Variables were analyzed in the population as a whole andin groups regarding previous dental attention (presence of fill-ings)...

Estado de salud periodontal en embarazadas / Status of periodontal health in pregnant women

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 97 gestantes con enfermedad periodontal, atendidas en la Consulta Estomatológica del Hospital Docente "Ezequiel Miranda Díaz" del municipio de Julio Antonio Mella, desde octubre del 2009 hasta septiembre del 2010, para determinar el estado de salud del periodonto en estas, según algunas variables clinicoepidemiológicas. En la serie predominaron la anemia (36,1 %) y la hipertensión arterial crónica (22,7 %) como enfermedades asociadas, así como los estados de nutrición normopeso (45,3 %) y bajo peso (37,1 %) y el hábito de fumar (31,9 %). De manera general, la gingivitis constituyó la forma clínica sobresaliente, pues primó en 84,5 % de las embarazadas, sobre todo en aquellas con higiene bucal deficiente (61,8 %), lo cual mostró que la etapa de gravidez provoca una respuesta exagerada de los tejidos periodontales ante el daño y las alteraciones por agentes irritantes locales.

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 97 pregnant women with periodontal disease, attended at the dentist's office of «Ezequiel Miranda Díaz¼ Teaching Hospital in Julio Antonio Mella municipality, from October 2009 to September 2010, to determine the health status of periodontium in these women according to some clinical epidemiological variables. Anemia (36,1 %) and chronic hypertension (22,7 %) as associated diseases prevailed in the series, as well as normal weight nutritional statuses (45,3 %), low weight (37,1 %) and smoking habit (31,9 %). Overall, gingivitis was the marked clinical form, because it prevailed in 84,5 % of pregnant women, mainly in those with poor oral hygiene (61,8 %), which showed that the stage of pregnancy causes an exaggerated response of periodontal tissues to damage and alterations by local irritants.

Estado de salud bucodental en niños con discapacidad intelectual / Oral health status in children with intellectual disability

Conocer el estado de salud bucodental en niños con discapacidad intelectual. Se seleccionaron 51 niños y niñas que padecen de discapacidad intelectual no asociada a otros síndromes, de ambos géneros y en edades comprendidas entre 5 y 14 años. Se aplicaron los índices descritos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la Encuesta Básica de Salud Bucodental. Se realizó una estadística descriptiva a través del paquete estadístico SPSS 15.0 para el análisis de resultados. El mayor porcentaje de la población no presenta alteraciones en el desarrollo del esmalte, ni fluorosis dentaria. El 86% presenta placa dental y un 6% cálculo dental. La mayoría de la población no presenta caries, sólo en un pequeño porcentaje es observada y se incrementa en la dentición primaria (24% dentición permanente y 31.4% dentición temporal con un CPOD= 0.60 y Ceod= 0.70. En los dientes permanentes los tratamientos preventivos, sellantes de fosas y fisuras y tratamientos restauradores son los que más requeridos (96%, 78.45% y 33.3%, respectivamente). En los dientes primarios 58.8% requieren tratamientos preventivos y 41.2% obturaciones. El mayor porcentaje de la población presentó alteraciones en la relación molar semi-cúspide y de cúspide completa (41% y 11%, respectivamente). El mayor porcentaje de la población estudiada no presentan alteraciones en el desarrollo del esmalte, fluorosis, ni caries dental. Sí presentaron elevados porcentajes de placa dental, un alto porcentaje de necesidades preventivas y restauradoras y alteraciones en la relación molar.

To know the status of oral health in children with intellectual disability. It was considered a sample of 51 children suffering from intellectual disability which was not associated to other syndromes, they were both male and female with ages ranging between 5 and 14 years. Indexes described by the World Health Organizations (WHO) and the Basic Oral Survey were applied. Later, a descriptive statistics was performed. The higher percentage of the population does not show either enamel development alterations or fluorosis. About 86% presented dental plaque and 6% presented dental calculus. Most of the population do not have caries, only in a short percentage of caries is shown and it increases for temporary teeth (24% permanent teeth and 31.4% temporary teeth) with a CPOD= 0.60 and Ceod= 0.70. In permanent teeth, preventive treatments, pit and fissure sealants and restorative treatments are the most required treatments (96%, 78.45% y 33.3%, respectively). In temporary teeth about 58.8% require preventive treatments and fillings for about 41.2%. The higher percentage of the participants showed alterations in the relationship molar semi-cuspid and complete cuspid (41% and 11%, respectively). The higher percentage of the participants does not present enamel development alterations, fluorosis or dental caries. There are high percentages of dental plaque, a high percentage of preventive and restorative needs and alterations in the molar relationship.

Condições de saúde bucal em atletas dos XV Jogos Pan-Americanos e III Jogos Parapan-Americanos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 2007 / Oral health status of athletes at the XV Pan-American Games and III Parapan-American Games, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2007

O estudo epidemiológico transversal randomizado objetivou avaliar condições de saúde bucal nos competidores dos XV Jogos Pan-Americanos (JPA) e III Jogos Parapan-Americanos (JPPA), 2007. Foram enviados convites para 5.662 atletas (JPA) e 1.300 (JPPA). Radiografias panorâmicas digitais (RPD) foram utilizadas para o exame de triagem nos 2 eventos, e nos JPPA, os atletas também foram submetidos à avaliação do sangramento gengival interdental (SI) através de uma versão modificada do Índice de Sangramento Interdental de Eastman (EIBI). Foram obtidas RPDs de 410 atletas dos JPA, média de idade 24,38 (dp±5,35), 55% homens; e de 118 dos atletas dos JPPA, média de idade de 32,3 (dp±9,53), 77,97% homens. 121 competidores (JPPA) foram avaliados para SI: 78,51% homens, média de idade 32,6(dp±9,6), e foram separados em grupos (G), conforme sua deficiência física: GI– c/ deficiência visual (DV), com 2 subgrupos: GI-a: DV tardia e GI-c-: DV congênita/precoce; GII- deficiência de membro superior; com 1 subgrupo: GII-t: deficiência/ausência bilateral; GIII- deficiência de membro inferior (grupo controle). As RPDs foram examinadas por 1 examinador com o Kodak Dental Imaging®(v6.7). A frequência e a distribuição do SI foram calculadas, e os grupos foram comparados. Resultados da triagem com RPDs, representados por número de observações(média por atleta) JPA//número de observações(média por atleta JPPA: Dentes erupcionados/ hígidos: 9097(22,19)//2451(20,77); Ausentes: 803(1,96 //405(3,43); Não erupcionados ou impactados: 330(0,80)//52(0,44); Parcialmente erupcionados e/ou hígidos: 109(0,27)//20(0,17); Cárie extensa: 261(0,64)//62(0,53); Cárie extensa e lesão periapical: 96(0,23)//50(0,42); Tratamento endodôntico e lesão periapical: 24(0,06)//13(0,11); Restaurados: 2298(5,60)//670(5,68); Imagens radiolúcidas patológicas circunscritas: 23(0,06)//0; Raízes-residuais: 27(0,07)//22(0,19); Implantes:6(0,01)//5(0,04); Dentes anteriores...

This randomized cross-sectional epidemiological study aimed to assess oral health status of athletes competing at the XV-Pan-American-Games (PAG) and III-Parapan-American-Games (PPAG), 2007). Invitations were sent to 5,662 athletes (PAG), and 1,300 (PPAG). Digital panoramic radiographs (DPRs) were used for screening recruited contestants in both events, and a modified version of Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (EIBI), for screening interdental gingival bleeding (IB) among athletes at PPAG. DPR were taken from 410 athletes (PAG), mean age 24.38(sd±5.35), 55% males; and from 118 contestants (PPAG), mean age 32.3(sd±9.53), 77.97% males. At PPAG, 121 contestants were also screened for IB: 78.51% males, mean age 32.6(sd±9.6) and were separated in groups according to their physical impairment: GI– visually impaired (VI), with 2 subgroups: GI-a- w/ late acquired VI, and GI-c- w/ either congenital or early acquired VI; GII- w/ impaired upper limb; with 1 subgroup: GII-t- with bilateral impairment or absent limbs; GIII, with lower limb impairment (control group). DPR were examined, by a single examiner, with Kodak Dental Imaging Software®(v6.7). Groups were compared for frequency and distribution of IB. Results for DPR screenings are presented as: number of observations (average per athlete)for PAG//number of observations (average per athlete) for PPAG.Totally erupted/sound teeth: 9097 (22.19)// 2451(20.77); Absent: 803(1.96)//405(3.43); Nonerupted/ Impacted: 330(0.80)//52(0.44); Partly erupted/sound: 109(0.27)//20 (0.17); Extensive carious lesion: 261(0.64)//62 (0.53); Extensive carious lesion+periapical lesion: 96(0.23)//50 (0.42); Endodontic Treatment+PeriapicalLesion: 24(0.06)//13 (0.11); Restored: 2298 (5.60)//670(5.68); Circunscribed pathological radiolucencies: 23(0.06)//0; Residual roots: 27(0.07)//22 (0.19); Dental Implants: 6(0.01)//5(0.04); Fractures: 13(0.03)//3(0.03); Molars with orthodontic...

Condições de saúde bucal em atletas dos XV Jogos Pan-Americanos e III Jogos Parapan-Americanos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 2007 / Oral health status of athletes at the XV Pan-American Games and III Parapan-American Games, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2007

O estudo epidemiológico transversal randomizado objetivou avaliar condições de saúde bucal nos competidores dos XV Jogos Pan-Americanos (JPA) e III Jogos Parapan-Americanos (JPPA), 2007. Foram enviados convites para 5.662 atletas (JPA) e 1.300 (JPPA). Radiografias panorâmicas digitais (RPD) foram utilizadas para o exame de triagem nos 2 eventos, e nos JPPA, os atletas também foram submetidos à avaliação do sangramento gengival interdental (SI) através de uma versão modificada do Índice de Sangramento Interdental de Eastman (EIBI). Foram obtidas RPDs de 410 atletas dos JPA, média de idade 24,38 (dp±5,35), 55% homens; e de 118 dos atletas dos JPPA, média de idade de 32,3 (dp±9,53), 77,97% homens. 121 competidores (JPPA) foram avaliados para SI: 78,51% homens, média de idade 32,6(dp±9,6), e foram separados em grupos (G), conforme sua deficiência física: GI– c/ deficiência visual (DV), com 2 subgrupos: GI-a: DV tardia e GI-c-: DV congênita/precoce; GII- deficiência de membro superior; com 1 subgrupo: GII-t: deficiência/ausência bilateral; GIII- deficiência de membro inferior (grupo controle). As RPDs foram examinadas por 1 examinador com o Kodak Dental Imaging®(v6.7). A frequência e a distribuição do SI foram calculadas, e os grupos foram comparados. Resultados da triagem com RPDs, representados por número de observações(média por atleta) JPA//número de observações(média por atleta JPPA: Dentes erupcionados/ hígidos: 9097(22,19)//2451(20,77); Ausentes: 803(1,96 //405(3,43); Não erupcionados ou impactados: 330(0,80)//52(0,44); Parcialmente erupcionados e/ou hígidos: 109(0,27)//20(0,17); Cárie extensa: 261(0,64)//62(0,53); Cárie extensa e lesão periapical: 96(0,23)//50(0,42); Tratamento endodôntico e lesão periapical: 24(0,06)//13(0,11); Restaurados: 2298(5,60)//670(5,68); Imagens radiolúcidas patológicas circunscritas: 23(0,06)//0; Raízes-residuais: 27(0,07)//22(0,19); Implantes:6(0,01)//5(0,04); Dentes anteriores ...

This randomized cross-sectional epidemiological study aimed to assess oral health status of athletes competing at the XV-Pan-American-Games (PAG) and III-Parapan-American-Games (PPAG), 2007). Invitations were sent to 5,662 athletes (PAG), and 1,300 (PPAG). Digital panoramic radiographs (DPRs) were used for screening recruited contestants in both events, and a modified version of Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (EIBI), for screening interdental gingival bleeding (IB) among athletes at PPAG. DPR were taken from 410 athletes (PAG), mean age 24.38(sd±5.35), 55% males; and from 118 contestants (PPAG), mean age 32.3(sd±9.53), 77.97% males. At PPAG, 121 contestants were also screened for IB: 78.51% males, mean age 32.6(sd±9.6) and were separated in groups according to their physical impairment: GI– visually impaired (VI), with 2 subgroups: GI-a- w/ late acquired VI, and GI-c- w/ either congenital or early acquired VI; GII- w/ impaired upper limb; with 1 subgroup: GII-t- with bilateral impairment or absent limbs; GIII, with lower limb impairment (control group). DPR were examined, by a single examiner, with Kodak Dental Imaging Software®(v6.7). Groups were compared for frequency and distribution of IB. Results for DPR screenings are presented as: number of observations (average per athlete)for PAG//number of observations (average per athlete) for PPAG.Totally erupted/sound teeth: 9097 (22.19)// 2451(20.77); Absent: 803(1.96)//405(3.43); Nonerupted/ Impacted: 330(0.80)//52(0.44); Partly erupted/sound: 109(0.27)//20 (0.17); Extensive carious lesion: 261(0.64)//62 (0.53); Extensive carious lesion+periapical lesion: 96(0.23)//50 (0.42); Endodontic Treatment+PeriapicalLesion: 24(0.06)//13 (0.11); Restored: 2298 (5.60)//670(5.68); Circunscribed pathological radiolucencies: 23(0.06)//0; Residual roots: 27(0.07)//22 (0.19); Dental Implants: 6(0.01)//5(0.04); Fractures: 13(0.03)//3(0.03); Molars with orthodontic ...(AU)